宫颈病变冷刀锥切术后切缘阳性及病变残留的危险因素分析北大核心

目的:研究因宫颈病变行冷刀锥切术后切缘阳性及病变残留的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2018年09月至2021年04月在山西医科大学第二医院妇科行宫颈冷刀锥切术经病理组织学诊断为HSIL及MIC的429例患者的临床资料,采用单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析年龄、绝经状态、孕次、产次、同房出血、不规则出血、家族肿瘤史、HR-HPV感染种类、HPV16/18感染、TCT检测结果、转化区类型、宫颈管搔刮术(endocervical curettage,ECC)结果、病变级别、是否累及腺体与宫颈冷刀锥切术后切缘阳性是否相关。同时,对79例进一步行子宫切除术者分析切缘阳性及上述相关因素与术后病变残留的关系。结果:术后切缘阳性与TCT检测结果、转化区类型、病变级别、是否累及腺体、ECC结果有关(P<0.05),其中MIC、累及腺体、3型转化区及ECC阳性是宫颈冷刀锥切术后切缘阳性的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。此外,宫颈病变残留与切缘状态及病变级别有关(P=0.001;P=0.038),切缘阳性是子宫切除术后病变残留的独立危险因素(P=0.002)。结论:重视宫颈冷刀锥切术后切缘阳性的危险因素,指导临床个体化干预,是降低切缘阳性和病变残留的重要措施。     

Real-world effectiveness of HPV vaccination against cervical neoplasia among birth cohorts ineligible for routine vaccination

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine effectiveness may differ between settings. Here we present the first real-world effectiveness study of HPV vaccination on high-grade cervical lesions from Norway, among women who received HPV vaccine outside the routine program. We performed an observational study of all Norwegian women born 1975 to 1996 and retrieved individual data from nationwide registries on HPV vaccination status and incidence of histologically verified high-grade cervical neoplasia during 2006 to 2016. We estimated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for vaccination vs no vaccination by Poisson regression stratified by age at vaccination <20 years and ≥20 years. The cohort consisted of 832 732 women, of which 46 381 (5.6%) received at least one dose of HPV vaccine by the end of 2016. The incidence rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) increased with age regardless of vaccination status and was highest at age 25 to 29, at 637/100 000 among unvaccinated women, 487/100 000 among women vaccinated before age 20 and 831/100 000 among women vaccinated at age 20 or older. The adjusted IRR of CIN2+ between vaccinated and unvaccinated women was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.46-0.84) for women vaccinated below age 20, and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.03-1.43) for women vaccinated at age 20 or older. These findings indicate that HPV vaccination among women too old to be eligible for routine HPV vaccination is effective among women who are vaccinated below age 20 but may not have the desired impact among women who are vaccinated at age 20 or older.     

高强度聚焦超声联合甲氨蝶呤在瘢痕子宫妊娠行宫腔镜微创清宫术中的应用效果分析

目的 探究采用高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)联合甲氨蝶呤(MTX)在瘢痕子宫妊娠行宫腔镜微创清宫术中的应用效果。方法 选择2018年5月—2019年5月在本院接受宫腔镜治疗的108例瘢痕子宫妊娠患者,依据随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,每组各54例。对照组使用HIFU预处理,研究组则使用HIFU联合MTX的方式预处理,处理后两组均行宫腔镜辅助微创清宫术。通过随访分析比较两组的治疗效果及妊娠结局。结果 研究组术后7 d血清β-HCG水平为(28 598.38±2 176.52)U/L,低于对照组的(32 423.13±2 734.65)U/L,差异有统计学意义(t=8.042,P<0.001);研究组血清β-HCG转阴时间、月经恢复时间、住院时间分别为(21.33±3.78)d、(28.21±3.83)d、(6.53±2.12)d,分别短于对照组的(26.72±4.83)d、(33.82±4.91)d、(9.53±2.67)d,差异具有统计学意义(t=6.458、6.620、6.466,P均<0.001)。两组均随访≥24个月,宫内妊娠、未孕、流产、再次瘢痕子宫妊娠、异位妊娠比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.895,P>0.05);宫内妊娠中足月分娩与早产比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.131,P>0.05),研究组并发症发生率为22.58%,低于对照组的37.50%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.296,P=0.021)。结论 在宫腔镜辅助微创清宫术治疗瘢痕子宫妊娠前使用HIFU联合MTX预处理的效果优于单一使用HIFU预处理,可明显缩短患者血清β-HCG转阴时间、月经恢复时间与住院时间,但对女性的妊娠结局无影响,妇产科临床治疗前可结合患者需求择取最合适的预处理方案。     

Effects of anteriorly-loaded treadmill walking on dynamic gait stability in young adults

BackgroundAnteriorly-loaded walking is common in many occupations and may increase fall risk. Dynamic gait stability, defined by the Feasible Stability Region (FSR) theory, quantifies the kinematic relationship between the body’s center of mass (COM) and base of support (BOS). FSR-based dynamic gait stability has been used to evaluate the fall risk.Research questionHow does front load carriage affect dynamic gait stability, step length, and trunk angle among young adults during treadmill walking?MethodsIn this between-subject design study, 30 healthy young adults were evenly randomized into three load groups (0%, 10%, or 20% of body weight). Participants carried their assigned load while walking on a treadmill at a speed of 1.2 m/s. Body kinematics were collected during treadmill walking. Dynamic gait stability (the primary variable) was calculated for two gait events: touchdown and liftoff. Step length and trunk angle were measured as secondary variables. One-way analysis of variance was conducted to detect any group-related differences for all variables. Post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction was performed when main group differences were found.ResultsNo significant differences but medium to large effect sizes were found between groups for dynamic gait stability at touchdown (p = 0.194, η² = 0.114) and liftoff (p = 0.122, η² = 0.139). Trunk angle significantly increased (indicating backward lean) with the front load at touchdown (p < 0.001, η² = 0.648) and liftoff (p < 0.001, η² = 0.543). No significant between-group difference was found related to the step length (p = 0.344, η² = 0.076).SignificanceCarrying a front load during walking significantly alters the trunk orientation and may change the COM-BOS kinematic relationship and, therefore, fall risk. The findings could inform the design of future studies focusing on the impact of anterior load carriage on fall risk during different locomotion.     

Cancer Stem Cells and Circulatory Tumor Cells Promote Breast Cancer Metastasis

Breast cancer (BC) is a highly metastatic, pathological cancer that significantly affects women worldwide. The mortality rate of BC is related to its heterogeneity, aggressive phenotype, and metastasis. Recent studies have highlighted that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for the interplay between metastasis mediators in BC. BC stem cells, tumor-derived exosomes, circulatory tumor cells (CTCs), and signaling pathways dynamically remodel the TME and promote metastasis. This review examines the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) that facilitate metastasis. This review also discusses the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs), tumor-derived exosomes, and CTs in promoting BC metastasis. Furthermore, the review emphasizes major signaling pathways that mediate metastasis in BC. Finally, the interplay among CSCs, exosomes, and CTCs in mediating metastasis have been highlighted. Therefore, understanding the molecular cues that mediate the association of CSCs, exosomes, and CTCs in TME helps to optimize systemic therapy to target metastatic BC.     

Valvuloplasty of fetal pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and hypoplastic right heart: Mid-term follow-up results

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze and evaluate the results of mid-term follow-up after fetal pulmonary valvuloplasty (FPV) in fetuses with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS).MethodsFrom August 31, 2018, to May 31, 2019, seven fetuses with PA/IVS and hypoplastic right heart were included in this study. All underwent echocardiography by the same specialist and were operated on by the same team. Intervention and echocardiography data were collected, and changes in the associated indices noted during follow-up were analyzed.ResultsAll seven fetuses successfully underwent FPV. The median gestational age at FPV was 27.54 weeks. The average FPV procedural time was 6 ?min. Persistent bradycardia requiring treatment occurred in 4/7 procedures. Finally, five pregnancies were successfully delivered, and the other two were aborted. Compared to data before fetal cardiac interventions (FCI), tricuspid valve annulus diameter/mitral valve annulus diameter (TV/MV) and right ventricle diameter/left ventricle diameter (RV/LV) of all fetuses had progressively improved. The maximum tricuspid regurgitation velocity decreased from 4.60 ?m/s to 3.64 ?m/s. The average follow-up time was 30.40 ?± ?2.05 months. During the follow-up period, the diameter of the tricuspid valve ring in five children continued to improve, and the development rate of the tricuspid valve was relatively obvious from 6 months to 1 year after birth. However, the development of the right ventricle after birth was relatively slow. It was discovered that there were individual variations in the development of the right ventricle during follow-up.ConclusionThe findings support the potential for the development of the right ventricle and tricuspid valve in fetuses with PA/IVS who underwent FCI. Development of the right ventricle and tricuspid valve does not occur synchronously during pregnancy. The right ventricle develops rapidly in utero, but the development of tricuspid valve is more apparent after birth than in utero.     

Update on pediatric corneal diseases and keratoplasty

Managing pediatric corneal disorders is challenging as the prognosis of pediatric keratoplasty depends on several factors. Advancements in the genetic basis of congenital corneal diseases and investigations in congenital corneal conditions provide a better understanding of pediatric corneal conditions. Surgeons performing keratoplasty in children now have a choice of various techniques. Evolving surgical techniques of anterior lamellar and endothelial keratoplasties have expanded the management interventions in these pediatric corneal morbidity conditions; however, considerable concerns still exist in association with corneal transplantation in infants and children. Outcomes in pediatric keratoplasty depend upon the preoperative indications, the timing of surgical intervention, intraoperative and postoperative factors including the patient/care givers’ compliance. Factors such as low scleral rigidity, higher rate of graft failure, need for frequent examinations under anesthesia, and difficulty in optimal visual acuity assessment still remain a considerable challenge in pediatric scenarios. In children, deprivation amblyopia as a result of the corneal opacification can adversely affect visual development, causing dense amblyopia. Outcomes to surgical interventions for management of corneal opacification in children are further compromised by the preexisting amblyopia apart from the concerns of refractive outcome of the graft. Graft rejection, graft infection, amblyopia, and glaucoma continue to be serious concerns. In recent years both anterior and posterior lamellar keratoplasty techniques are being increasingly performed in pediatric eyes, which offer advantages in the form of lower risk of graft rejection. The timing of surgery, careful case selection, cautious intraoperative approach, and optimal postoperative management can improve the anatomical and functional outcome in difficult cases.